一. 健美的起源 Origin

健美大概發源於西元前6~8個世紀。那時,古希臘分成了數以百計的城邦國家。為了奪取更多的土地和財富,時常打仗。為了戰勝鄰國,需要許多身手矯健、體格健壯和勇猛過人的大力士。於是,他們就成了眾人崇拜的對象。古希臘人認為:健美的人體擁有呼吸寬暢的胸部,靈活而強壯的脖子,虎背熊腰的軀體和塊塊隆起的肌肉。而著名的古希臘哲學家蘇格拉底認為:人的一切活動不能脫離身體,身體必須保持高效率的工作能量,力量與肌肉的美只有透過身體才能得到。他說衰弱是人生的恥辱,因此他一生都堅持運動。古希臘人主要是通過體育運動來塑造和培養健美人物的。四年一屆的古代奧林匹克運動會等場所,就是炫耀力量和人體健美的場合。 Body building probably originates in 6 centuries B.C.. At that time, ancient Greece divided into hundreds of city states. People often fight in order to capture more land and wealth. Those people need a lot of skills to be vigorous in order to win over the neighboring countries, their physiques are stalwart and remarkable weight-lifters. Then, they become the targets whom everybody worships. Ancient Greeks think that the vigorous and graceful human body has free-breathing chests, flexible and strong neck with strong muscles. Ancient Greek philosopher, Socrates, thinks that all people's activities can't break away from the body, the body must keep high-efficiency working energy, and the strong strength and beautiful muscles could be got only through the body. He says that weakness is the shame of life, so he insists on sports in all one's life. Ancient Greeks mainly molded and trained the vigorous and graceful human through the sports activities. The places such as ancient Olympic Games every four years show off strength and human body's vigorous and graceful occasions.

二. 比賽規則 Rules:

在世界運動會的比賽中,健美一直是一種頗受觀眾歡迎的運動。每屆世界運動會的分級也不相同。健美比賽的評分標準,是以評審的主觀來評斷,評分內容以肌肉的大小及勻稱、肌肉形狀及結實度、表演內容及整體表現來給分。 比賽中要經過指定動作及自由動作兩部分,指定動作部分需展示7種指定部位的肌肉,自由動作則配合選手自選的音樂將自己最好的部分串連起來表現,以贏得評審的分數。 因為這是一種健與美的比賽,因此在比賽中有很多花樣和巧思,可以吸引評審的目光,像在身上塗上亮亮的防晒油,把身體故意晒成古銅色的皮膚顏色,天然陽光不足的地方,就以人造紫外線來輔助照射。 In the match of the world sports meeting, the calisthenics has been a kind of quite popular sport all the time. The grading of each world sports meeting is not all the same. It is coming subjectively to judges to evaluate the whole content, including the size, strength and shape of muscle, durable degree, the content of performance. Competitors show the muscles of 7 kinds of appointed positions and free style of self selected movements in the match. Free style movements cooperate with the player's selected music and show his own best part bunch in order to gain the good mark. Because this is the competition about strength and beauty, a lot of styles and clever thoughts can attract the judges’ attentions by spreading the bright sunscreen lotion on the body, making the body shining into a tanned skin. In the place without sufficient sunshine, competitors use the artificial ultraviolet ray on purpose to be tanned.